The disavow file format, exactly
Google's disavow tool accepts a single plain-text file. The rules are simple, but small mistakes make lines silently fail:
- The file must be a
.txtfile encoded in UTF-8 or 7-bit ASCII. - One entry per line: either a full URL, or
domain:followed by a domain name. - Lines starting with
#are comments and are ignored — use them to record why and when you disavowed something. - Uploading a new file replaces the old one for that property, so keep a master copy.
# Removal requested 2026-10-01, no response
domain:spammy-links.example
domain:link-farm.example
https://articles-directory.example/submit/your-articleShould you disavow at all?
Probably less than you think. Google has said for years that it ignores most spammy links automatically, and that the disavow tool is an advanced feature for specific situations:
- You have a manual action for unnatural links in Search Console.
- You (or a previous SEO) bought links or ran a link scheme and want to clean it up before it causes a problem.
Disavowing good links by mistake can hurt you, so don't feed an automated “toxic score” straight into this tool. Review each domain first — our toxic backlinks guide walks through the audit.
Never disavow your own site or real partners
How to upload your disavow file
- 1
Try removal first
Email the site owner and ask for the link to be removed. Keep a note of who you contacted and when. - 2
Generate the file
Paste your list above, choose whole domains, exclude your own sites, and download disavow.txt. - 3
Open the disavow tool
In Google Search Console, open the disavow links tool and pick the exact property (domain or URL-prefix) the links point to. - 4
Upload and wait
Upload the file. Google applies it as it recrawls those pages, which can take weeks. If you had a manual action, file a reconsideration request.